RN-Praxis2/webserver.c

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "data.h"
#include "http.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "dht.h"
#include "lookup.h"

#define elif else if

// Getter for environmental DHT sets
#define _PRED_ID (uint16_t)atoi(getenv("PRED_ID"))
#define _PRED_IP getenv("PRED_IP")
#define _PRED_PORT (uint16_t)atoi(getenv("PRED_PORT"))
#define _SUCC_ID (uint16_t)atoi(getenv("SUCC_ID"))
#define _SUCC_IP getenv("SUCC_IP")
#define _SUCC_PORT (uint16_t)atoi(getenv("SUCC_PORT"))

bool _DO_UDP = false;

uint16_t _NODE_ID;
const char *_NODE_IP;
uint16_t _NODE_PORT;

#define MAX_RESOURCES 100

struct tuple resources[MAX_RESOURCES] = {
    {"/static/foo", "Foo", sizeof "Foo" - 1},
    {"/static/bar", "Bar", sizeof "Bar" - 1},
    {"/static/baz", "Baz", sizeof "Baz" - 1}};

typedef enum neighbor{
    dunno = -1,
    not_res,
    res,
    res_303,
}neighbor;

uint16_t hash_uri(const char *uri){
    char *uri_ptr = (char*)uri;

    char dynamic[] = "/dynamic/";
    char static_[] = "/static/";

    if(strstr(uri, dynamic)) uri_ptr += strlen(dynamic) + 1;
    elif(strstr(uri, static_)) uri_ptr += strlen(static_) + 1;

    /*
    char *it = (char*)uri;

    // shift uri_ptr to last '/'
    while(*it)
    {
        if (*it == '/') uri_ptr = it;
        it++;
    }

    // skip last '/'
    if (*uri_ptr == '/') uri_ptr++;

    if (!*uri_ptr) return -1;
    */

    return pseudo_hash((const unsigned char *)uri_ptr, strlen(uri_ptr));
}

neighbor check_neighborhood(uint16_t hash) {
    int pre_id = _PRED_ID;
    int id = _NODE_ID;
    int suc_id = _SUCC_ID;

    if(hash > id && hash <= suc_id) return res_303;

    if ((pre_id == id && suc_id == id) || (id < pre_id && ((hash > pre_id && hash < 65535)) || hash <= id) || (hash > pre_id && hash <= id))
        return res;

    if ((id < suc_id && hash > id && hash <= suc_id) || (hash > id || hash <= suc_id))
        return not_res;

    return dunno;
}

/**
 * Sends an HTTP reply to the client based on the received request.
 *
 * @param conn      The file descriptor of the client connection socket.
 * @param request   A pointer to the struct containing the parsed request
 * information.
 */
void send_reply(int conn, struct request *request) {
    fprintf(stderr, "\n\n\n---%u---\n", _NODE_ID);
    // Create a buffer to hold the HTTP reply
    char buffer[HTTP_MAX_SIZE];
    char *reply = buffer;
    size_t offset = 0;

    fprintf(stderr, "Handling %s request for %s (%lu byte payload)\n",
            request->method, request->uri, request->payload_length);

    printf("Uri: %s\n", request->uri);
    uint16_t resource_hash = hash_uri(request->uri);

    fprintf(stderr, "Resource hash: %u\n", resource_hash);

    if (resource_hash == -1)
    {
        perror("Pseudo_hash failed - 404\n");
        reply = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n";
        offset = strlen(reply);
        goto direct_send;
    }

    neighbor responsible = check_neighborhood(resource_hash);
    lookup_request *req = find_lookup(resource_hash);

    if(responsible != res){
        if(responsible == res_303)
        {
            perror("Responsible 303 - 303\n");
            sprintf(reply, "HTTP/1.1 303 See Other\r\nLocation: http://%s:%d%s\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n", _SUCC_IP, _SUCC_PORT, request->uri);
            offset = strlen(reply);
        }
        elif (req == NULL)
        {
            perror("Not Responsible - 503\n");
            sprintf(reply, "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\nRetry-After: 1\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n");
            offset = strlen(reply);

            lookup_request lookreq;
            lookup_request_init(&lookreq, 0, _NODE_ID, ntohl(inet_addr(_NODE_IP)), _NODE_PORT, resource_hash);

            call_network(&lookreq, ntohl(inet_addr(_SUCC_IP)), _SUCC_PORT);
        }
        elif (req->message_type == 1)
        {
            // DONE: Success
            struct sockaddr_in addr;
            addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
            addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(req->node_ip.s_addr);
            char ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
            inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addr.sin_addr, ip, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);

            perror("Message-type: 1 - 303\n");
            sprintf(reply, "HTTP/1.1 303 See Other\r\nLocation: http://%s:%d%s\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n", ip, req->node_port, request->uri);
            offset = strlen(reply);
        }
    }
    elif (strcmp(request->method, "GET") == 0) {
        size_t resource_length;
        const char* resource = get(request->uri, resources, MAX_RESOURCES, &resource_length);

        if (resource) {
            size_t payload_offset = sprintf(reply, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: %lu\r\n\r\n", resource_length);
            memcpy(reply + payload_offset, resource, resource_length);
            offset = payload_offset + resource_length;
        } else {
            reply = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n";
            offset = strlen(reply);
        }
    } else if (strcmp(request->method, "PUT") == 0) {
        // Try to set the requested resource with the given payload in the
        // 'resources' array.
        if (set(request->uri, request->payload, request->payload_length,
                resources, MAX_RESOURCES)) {
            reply = "HTTP/1.1 204 No Content\r\n\r\n";
            offset = strlen(reply);
        } else {
            reply = "HTTP/1.1 201 Created\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n";
            offset = strlen(reply);
        }
    } else if (strcmp(request->method, "DELETE") == 0) {
        // Try to delete the requested resource from the 'resources' array
        if (delete (request->uri, resources, MAX_RESOURCES)) {
            reply = "HTTP/1.1 204 No Content\r\n\r\n";
            offset = strlen(reply);
        } else {
            reply = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n\r\n";
            offset = strlen(reply);
        }
    } else {
        reply = "HTTP/1.1 501 Method Not Supported\r\n\r\n";
        offset = strlen(reply);
    }

    direct_send:    // ... do goto, yes you read that right ;)

    //offset = strlen(reply);
    // Send the reply back to the client
    if (send(conn, reply, offset, 0) == -1) {
        perror("send");
        close(conn);
    }
    perror("\n\n---HANDLED REQUEST---\n\n");
}

/**
 * Processes an incoming packet from the client.
 *
 * @param conn The socket descriptor representing the connection to the client.
 * @param buffer A pointer to the incoming packet's buffer.
 * @param n The size of the incoming packet.
 *
 * @return Returns the number of bytes processed from the packet.
 *         If the packet is successfully processed and a reply is sent, the
 * return value indicates the number of bytes processed. If the packet is
 * malformed or an error occurs during processing, the return value is -1.
 *
 */
int process_packet(int conn, char *buffer, size_t n) {
    struct request request = {
        .method = NULL, .uri = NULL, .payload = NULL, .payload_length = -1};
    ssize_t bytes_processed = parse_request(buffer, n, &request);

    if (bytes_processed > 0) {
        send_reply(conn, &request);

        // Check the "Connection" header in the request to determine if the
        // connection should be kept alive or closed.
        const string connection_header = get_header(&request, "Connection");
        if (connection_header && strcmp(connection_header, "close")) {
            return -1;
        }
    } else if (bytes_processed == -1) {
        // If the request is malformed or an error occurs during processing,
        // send a 400 Bad Request response to the client.
        const string bad_request = "HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\n\r\n";
        send(conn, bad_request, strlen(bad_request), 0);
        printf("Received malformed request, terminating connection.\n");
        close(conn);
        return -1;
    }

    return bytes_processed;
}

/**
 * Sets up the connection state for a new socket connection.
 *
 * @param state A pointer to the connection_state structure to be initialized.
 * @param sock The socket descriptor representing the new connection.
 *
 */
static void connection_setup(struct connection_state *state, int sock) {
    // Set the socket descriptor for the new connection in the connection_state
    // structure.
    state->sock = sock;

    // Set the 'end' pointer of the state to the beginning of the buffer.
    state->end = state->buffer;

    // Clear the buffer by filling it with zeros to avoid any stale data.
    memset(state->buffer, 0, HTTP_MAX_SIZE);
}

/**
 * Discards the front of a buffer
 *
 * @param buffer A pointer to the buffer to be modified.
 * @param discard The number of bytes to drop from the front of the buffer.
 * @param keep The number of bytes that should be kept after the discarded
 * bytes.
 *
 * @return Returns a pointer to the first unused byte in the buffer after the
 * discard.
 * @example buffer_discard(ABCDEF0000, 4, 2):
 *          ABCDEF0000 ->  EFCDEF0000 -> EF00000000, returns pointer to first 0.
 */
char *buffer_discard(char *buffer, size_t discard, size_t keep) {
    memmove(buffer, buffer + discard, keep);
    memset(buffer + keep, 0, discard); // invalidate buffer
    return buffer + keep;
}

/**
 * Handles incoming connections and processes data received over the socket.
 *
 * @param state A pointer to the connection_state structure containing the
 * connection state.
 * @return Returns true if the connection and data processing were successful,
 * false otherwise. If an error occurs while receiving data from the socket, the
 * function exits the program.
 */
bool handle_connection(struct connection_state *state) {
    // Calculate the pointer to the end of the buffer to avoid buffer overflow
    const char *buffer_end = state->buffer + HTTP_MAX_SIZE;

    // Check if an error occurred while receiving data from the socket
    ssize_t bytes_read =
        recv(state->sock, state->end, buffer_end - state->end, 0);
    if (bytes_read == -1) {
        perror("recv");
        close(state->sock);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    } else if (bytes_read == 0) {
        return false;
    }

    char *window_start = state->buffer;
    char *window_end = state->end + bytes_read;

    ssize_t bytes_processed = 0;
    while ((bytes_processed = process_packet(state->sock, window_start,
                                             window_end - window_start)) > 0) {
        window_start += bytes_processed;
    }
    if (bytes_processed == -1) {
        return false;
    }

    state->end = buffer_discard(state->buffer, window_start - state->buffer,
                                window_end - window_start);
    return true;
}

/**
 * Derives a sockaddr_in structure from the provided host and port information.
 *
 * @param host The host (IP address or hostname) to be resolved into a network
 * address.
 * @param port The port number to be converted into network byte order.
 *
 * @return A sockaddr_in structure representing the network address derived from
 * the host and port.
 */
static struct sockaddr_in derive_sockaddr(const char *host, const char *port) {
    struct addrinfo hints = {
        .ai_family = AF_INET,
    };
    struct addrinfo *result_info;

    // Resolve the host (IP address or hostname) into a list of possible
    // addresses.
    int returncode = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &result_info);
    if (returncode) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error parsing host/port");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Copy the sockaddr_in structure from the first address in the list
    struct sockaddr_in result = *((struct sockaddr_in *)result_info->ai_addr);

    // Free the allocated memory for the result_info
    freeaddrinfo(result_info);
    return result;
}

/**
 * Sets up a TCP server socket and binds it to the provided sockaddr_in address.
 *
 * @param addr The sockaddr_in structure representing the IP address and port of
 * the server.
 *
 * @return The file descriptor of the created TCP server socket.
 */
static int setup_server_socket(struct sockaddr_in addr) {
    const int enable = 1;
    const int backlog = 1;

    // Create a socket
    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Avoid dead lock on connections that are dropped after poll returns but
    // before accept is called
    if (fcntl(sock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) == -1) {
        perror("fcntl");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Set the SO_REUSEADDR socket option to allow reuse of local addresses
    if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &enable, sizeof(enable)) ==
        -1) {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Bind socket to the provided address
    if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
        perror("bind");
        close(sock);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Start listening on the socket with maximum backlog of 1 pending
    // connection
    if (listen(sock, backlog)) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    return sock;
}

static int setup_server_socket_udp(struct sockaddr_in addr){
    struct protoent *proto = getprotobyname("UDP");
    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, proto->p_proto);
    if(sock == -1){
        perror("Func: setup_server_socket_udp - socket returned with errors while creating an udp socket!");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if(bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*) &addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1){
        perror("Func: setup_server_socket_udp - bind returned with errors while binding socket to port!");
        close(sock);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    return sock;
}

static void handle_udp_request(){
    fprintf(stderr, "---%d---\n", _NODE_ID);
    size_t received_bytes = 0;
    lookup_request lr = {0};

    struct sockaddr_storage caller_addr;
    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof caller_addr;

    if((received_bytes = recvfrom(server_socket_udp, &lr, sizeof(lookup_request), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &caller_addr, &addrlen)) == -1){
        perror("Func: handle_udp_request - failed to receive data from caller!");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    perror("---HANDLE_UDP---\n");
    // perror("[Serialized]\n");
    // print_lookup_request(&lr);
    extract_lookup_request(&lr);
    perror("[Deserialized]\n");
    print_lookup_request(&lr);
    perror("----------------\n");

    // DO LOOKUP
    if (lr.message_type == 0)
    {
        // Check belonging
        const int suc_id = _SUCC_ID;

        in_addr_t suc_ip = htonl(inet_addr(_SUCC_IP));

        struct in_addr suc_ip_s;
        suc_ip_s.s_addr = suc_ip;

        in_addr_t *callback_ip = &lr.node_ip.s_addr;
        int callback_port = lr.node_port;

        lookup_request backfire = {0};

        const neighbor responsibility = check_neighborhood(lr.hash_id);
        if (responsibility != res) {
            // is succ responsible
            if (responsibility == res_303)
            {
                lookup_request_init(&backfire, 1, suc_id, suc_ip, _SUCC_PORT, _NODE_ID);
            }
            else
            {
                clone_lookup_request(&backfire, &lr);

                callback_ip = &suc_ip_s.s_addr;
                callback_port = _SUCC_PORT;
            }
        }

        call_network(&backfire, *callback_ip, callback_port);
    }
    elif (lr.message_type == 1)
    {
        lookup_request *toLookup = malloc(sizeof(lookup_request));
        clone_lookup_request(toLookup, &lr);

        push_lookup(toLookup);
        perror("PUSHED ");
        print_lookup_request(toLookup);
    }
}

/**
 *  The program expects 3; otherwise, it returns EXIT_FAILURE.
 *
 *  Call as:
 *
 *  ./build/webserver self.ip self.port
 */
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    if (argc != 3 && argc != 4) {
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    init_lookup_table();
    /*
    lookup_request toLookup1;
    lookup_request_init(&toLookup1, 1, 65535, ntohl(inet_addr("127.0.0.1")), 4710, 1);
    push_lookup(&toLookup1);
    */
    if(argc == 3) _NODE_ID = 0;
    elif(argc == 4) _NODE_ID = atoi(argv[3]);

    // Set this DHT-Nodes ID
    _NODE_PORT = atoi(argv[2]);
    _NODE_IP = argv[1];

    struct sockaddr_in addr = derive_sockaddr(argv[1], argv[2]);

    // Set up a server socket.
    int server_socket = setup_server_socket(addr);
    server_socket_udp = setup_server_socket_udp(addr);

    // Create an array of pollfd structures to monitor sockets.
    struct pollfd sockets[3] = {
        {.fd = server_socket, .events = POLLIN},
        {.fd = server_socket_udp, .events = POLLIN}
    };

    struct connection_state state = {0};
    while (true) {

        // Use poll() to wait for events on the monitored sockets.
        int ready = poll(sockets, sizeof(sockets) / sizeof(sockets[0]), -1);
        if (ready == -1) {
            perror("poll");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        // Process events on the monitored sockets.
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(sockets) / sizeof(sockets[0]); i += 1) {
            if (sockets[i].revents != POLLIN) {
                // If there are no POLLIN events on the socket, continue to the
                // next iteration.
                continue;
            }
            int s = sockets[i].fd;

            if (s == server_socket) {

                // If the event is on the server_socket, accept a new connection
                // from a client.
                int connection = accept(server_socket, NULL, NULL);
                if (connection == -1 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
                    close(server_socket);
                    perror("accept");
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                } else {
                    printf("Handling TCP request\n");
                    connection_setup(&state, connection);

                    // limit to one connection at a time
                    sockets[0].events = 0;
                    sockets[2].fd = connection;
                    sockets[2].events = POLLIN;
                }
            }
            elif(s == server_socket_udp){
                // DO UDP STUFF
                printf("Handling UDP request\n");
                handle_udp_request();
                // sockets[1].events = 0;
            }
            else {
                assert(s == state.sock);

                // Call the 'handle_connection' function to process the incoming
                // data on the socket.
                bool cont = handle_connection(&state);
                if (!cont) { // get ready for a new connection
                    sockets[0].events = POLLIN;
                    sockets[2].fd = -1;
                    sockets[2].events = 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    free_lookup_table();
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}