Initial push

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.30)
+project(vulkan_test)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 26)
+set(GLFW_USE_WAYLAND ON)
+
+find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
+find_package(glfw3 3.3 REQUIRED)
+
+add_executable(vulkan_test main.cpp.old
+        main.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(vulkan_test PRIVATE Vulkan::Vulkan glfw)

main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+//
+// Created by timo on 28.03.25.
+//
+
+#define DEBUG 1
+
+#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
+#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+#include <optional>
+#include <set>
+#include <limits>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <fstream>
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    const bool enableValidationLayers = true;
+#else
+const bool enableValidationLayers = false;
+#endif
+
+const VkPresentModeKHR WISHED_PRESENT_MODE = VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR;
+
+typedef struct {
+    std::optional<uint32_t> graphicsFamily;
+    std::optional<uint32_t> presentFamily;
+
+    bool isComplete(){
+        return graphicsFamily.has_value();
+    }
+} QueueFamilyIndices;
+
+typedef struct{
+    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
+    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
+    std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
+} SwapChainSupportDetails;
+
+const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {
+    "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
+};
+
+const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {
+    VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
+};
+
+bool checkValidationLayerSupport(){
+    uint32_t layerCount;
+    vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);
+
+    std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
+    vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());
+
+    for(const char* layerName : validationLayers){
+        bool layerFound = false;
+
+        for(const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers){
+            if(strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0){
+                layerFound = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if(!layerFound) return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions(){
+    uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
+    const char **glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);
+
+    std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);
+
+    if(enableValidationLayers) extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
+
+    return extensions;
+}
+
+static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData, void *pUserData){
+    std::cerr << "Validation Layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;
+    return VK_FALSE;
+}
+
+VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT *pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT *pDebugMessenger){
+    auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
+    if(func == nullptr) return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
+    if(func == nullptr) return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
+    return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger);
+}
+
+void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator){
+    if(auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"); func != nullptr){
+        func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator);
+    }
+}
+
+void populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT &createInfo){
+    createInfo = {};
+    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
+    createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
+    // set which type of messages the callback is notified about
+    createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
+    createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
+}
+
+static std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string &filename){
+    std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
+
+    if(!file.is_open()){
+        throw std::runtime_error("Func: readFile\nError: Failed to open file!");
+    }
+
+    size_t fileSize = (size_t)file.tellg();
+    std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
+
+    file.seekg(0);
+    file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);
+
+    file.close();
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+class TriangleApp{
+private:
+    GLFWwindow *window;
+    uint32_t _width, _height;
+
+    VkInstance instance;
+    VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger;
+
+    VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+
+    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkDevice device;
+
+    VkQueue graphicsQueue;
+    VkQueue presentQueue;
+
+    VkSwapchainKHR swapChain;
+    std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;
+    VkFormat swapChainImageFormat;
+    VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
+
+    std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;
+
+    VkRenderPass renderPass;
+    VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+
+    VkPipeline graphicsPipeline;
+
+    void createInstance(){
+        if(enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: createInstance\nError: Validation Layers requested, but not available!\n");
+        }
+        VkApplicationInfo appInfo{};
+        appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
+        appInfo.pApplicationName = "Triangle App";
+        appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
+        appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
+        appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
+        appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
+
+        VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo{};
+        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
+        createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
+
+        std::vector<const char*> glfwExtensions = getRequiredExtensions();
+        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(glfwExtensions.size());
+        createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = glfwExtensions.data();
+
+        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo{};
+        if(enableValidationLayers){
+            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
+            createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
+            populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(debugCreateInfo);
+            createInfo.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*)&debugCreateInfo;
+        }
+        else{
+            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
+            createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if(vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: createInstance\nError: Failed to create Instance!\n");
+        }
+
+        uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
+        vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
+
+        std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensions(extensionCount);
+        vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, extensions.data());
+
+        if(enableValidationLayers){
+            std::cout << "Available Extensions (" << extensionCount << "):\n";
+            for(VkExtensionProperties extension : extensions){
+                std::cout << '\t' << extension.extensionName << '\n';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setupDebugMessenger(){
+        if(!enableValidationLayers) return;
+        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo{};
+        populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(createInfo);
+
+        if(CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: setupDebugMessenger\nError: Failed to set up Debug Messenger!\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void pickPhysicalDevice(){
+        uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
+        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
+        if(deviceCount == 0){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: pickPhysicalDevice\nError: Failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!\n");
+        }
+
+        std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
+        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());
+
+        for(VkPhysicalDevice device : devices){
+            if(isDeviceSuitable(device)){
+                physicalDevice = device;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: pickPhysicalDevice\nError: Failed to find suitable GPU!\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void createLogicalDevice(){
+        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
+
+        std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
+        std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies = { indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value() };
+
+        float queuePriority = 1.0f;
+        for(uint32_t queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies){
+            VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo{};
+            queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
+            queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
+            queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
+            queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
+            queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
+        }
+
+        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures{};
+
+        VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo{};
+        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
+        createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
+        createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
+
+        createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;
+
+        // not used anymore but sets backwards compatibility
+        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
+        createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
+
+        if(enableValidationLayers){
+            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
+            createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
+        }
+        else{
+            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
+        }
+
+        if(vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: createLogicalDevice\nError: Failed to create logical Device!\n");
+        }
+
+        vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &graphicsQueue);
+        vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily.value(), 0, &presentQueue);
+    }
+
+    QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device){
+        QueueFamilyIndices indices;
+
+        uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
+
+        std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());
+
+        int i = 0;
+        for(const VkQueueFamilyProperties queueFamily : queueFamilies){
+            VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);
+            if(presentSupport) indices.presentFamily = i;
+            if(queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) indices.graphicsFamily = i;
+            if(indices.isComplete()) break;
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        return indices;
+    }
+
+    bool checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device){
+        uint32_t extensionCount;
+        vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
+
+        std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
+        vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());
+
+        std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());
+
+        for(const VkExtensionProperties& extension : availableExtensions){
+            requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
+        }
+
+        return requiredExtensions.empty();
+    }
+
+    bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device){
+        /*
+        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &deviceProperties);
+
+        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &deviceFeatures);
+
+        return deviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU && deviceFeatures.geometryShader;
+        */
+        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);
+        bool extensionSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);
+        bool swapChainAdequate = false;
+        if(extensionSupported){
+            SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(device);
+            swapChainAdequate = !swapChainSupport.formats.empty() && !swapChainSupport.presentModes.empty();
+        }
+        return indices.isComplete() && extensionSupported && swapChainAdequate;
+    }
+
+    void createSurface(){
+        if(glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: createSurface\nError: Failed to create Window Surface!\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SwapChainSupportDetails querySwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device){
+        SwapChainSupportDetails details;
+
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &details.capabilities);
+
+        uint32_t formatCount;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
+
+        if(formatCount != 0){
+            details.formats.resize(formatCount);
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
+        }
+
+        uint32_t presentModeCount;
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
+
+        if(presentModeCount != 0){
+            details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
+        }
+
+        return details;
+    }
+
+    VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats){
+        for(const VkSurfaceFormatKHR availableFormat : availableFormats){
+            if(availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR){
+                return availableFormat;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return availableFormats[0];
+    }
+
+    VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> availablePresentModes){
+        for(const VkPresentModeKHR availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes){
+            if(availablePresentMode == WISHED_PRESENT_MODE){
+                return availablePresentMode;
+            }
+        }
+        return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR; // always available
+    }
+
+    VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities){
+        if(capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()){ return capabilities.currentExtent; }
+
+        int width, height;
+        glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
+
+        VkExtent2D actualExtent = {
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(height)
+        };
+
+        actualExtent.width = std::clamp(actualExtent.width, capabilities.minImageExtent.width, capabilities.maxImageExtent.width);
+        actualExtent.width = std::clamp(actualExtent.height, capabilities.minImageExtent.height, capabilities.maxImageExtent.height);
+
+        return actualExtent;
+    }
+
+    void createSwapChain(){
+        SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(physicalDevice);
+        VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapChainSupport.formats);
+        VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapChainSupport.presentModes);
+        VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapChainSupport.capabilities);
+
+        uint32_t imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
+
+        if(swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount){
+            imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;
+        }
+
+        VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo{};
+        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
+        createInfo.surface = surface;
+
+        createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
+        createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
+        createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;
+        createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
+        createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
+        createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+
+        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
+        uint32_t queueFamiliyIndices[] = { indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value() };
+
+        if(indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily){
+            createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
+            createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
+            createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamiliyIndices;
+        }
+        else{
+            createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+            // rest would default which already is
+        }
+
+        createInfo.preTransform = swapChainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;
+        createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
+        createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
+        createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
+
+        createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE; // swap chain needs to be recreated when window is resized
+
+        if(vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: createSwapChain\nError: Failed to create Swap Chain!\n");
+        }
+
+        vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
+        swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);
+        vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, swapChainImages.data());
+
+        swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
+        swapChainExtent = extent;
+    }
+
+    void createImageViews(){
+        swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());
+
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++){
+            VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo{};
+            createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
+            createInfo.image = swapChainImages[i];
+
+            createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
+            createInfo.format = swapChainImageFormat;
+
+            createInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
+            createInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
+            createInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
+            createInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
+
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+
+            if(vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChainImageViews[i]) != VK_SUCCESS){
+                throw std::runtime_error("Func: createImageViews\nError: Failed to create Image Views!\n");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void createGraphicsPipeline(){
+        // TODO: find solution for file location
+        std::vector<char> vertShaderCode;
+        std::vector<char> fragShaderCode;
+        try{
+            vertShaderCode = readFile("shaders/vert.spv");
+            fragShaderCode = readFile("shaders/frag.spv");
+        }
+        catch(std::exception e){
+            std::cout << "Failed to read ./shaders/...\nTrying fallback folders!\n";
+            vertShaderCode = readFile("../shaders/vert.spv");
+            fragShaderCode = readFile("../shaders/frag.spv");
+        }
+
+        VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode);
+        VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode);
+
+        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo{};
+        vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+        vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
+        vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule;
+        vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";
+
+        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo{};
+        fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+        fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
+        fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;
+        fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";
+
+        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = { vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo };
+
+        // Dynamics are done to not reinitialize every pipeline for example resizes
+        std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStates = {
+            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
+            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
+        };
+
+        VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState{};
+        dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamicStates.size());
+        dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates.data();
+
+        VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo{};
+        vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0;
+        vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0;
+
+        VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly{};
+        inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
+        inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;
+
+        VkViewport viewport{};
+        viewport.x = 0.0f;
+        viewport.y = 0.0f;
+        viewport.width = (float)swapChainExtent.width;
+        viewport.height = (float)swapChainExtent.height;
+        viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
+        viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
+
+        VkRect2D scissor{};
+        scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
+        scissor.extent = swapChainExtent;
+
+        VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState{};
+        viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
+        viewportState.pViewports = &viewport; // possibly made immutable
+        viewportState.scissorCount = 1;
+        viewportState.pScissors = &scissor; // possibly made immutable
+
+        VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer{};
+        rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;  // Other render effects
+        rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
+        rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
+        rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
+        rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
+
+        VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling{};
+        multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+
+        VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment{};
+        colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT
+                                            | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT
+                                            | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT
+                                            | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
+        colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_TRUE;
+        colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
+        colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+        colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
+        colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
+        colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+
+        VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending{};
+        colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1;
+        colorBlending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment;
+
+        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+
+        if(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func; createGraphicsPipeline\nError: Failed to create pipeline layout!\n");
+        }
+
+        VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo{};
+        pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
+        pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
+        // FINALLY REFERENCE ALL TOGETHER
+        pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
+        pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
+        pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
+        pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
+        pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
+        pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
+        pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = nullptr;  // Optional because {} as initializer
+        pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
+        pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
+        pipelineInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
+        pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
+        pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
+
+        if(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func; createGraphicsPipeline\nError: Failed to create graphics pipeline!\n");
+        }
+
+        vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);
+        vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char> &code){
+        VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo{};
+        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
+        createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
+        createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());
+
+        VkShaderModule shaderModule;
+        if(vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: createShaderModule\nError: Failed to create Shader Module!\n");
+        }
+
+        return shaderModule;
+    }
+
+    void createRenderPass(){
+        VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment{};
+        colorAttachment.format = swapChainImageFormat;
+        colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+        colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
+        colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
+        colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
+        colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
+        colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+        colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
+
+        VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef{};
+        colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
+        colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+
+        VkSubpassDescription subpass{};
+        subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
+        subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
+        subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
+
+        VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo{};
+        renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
+        renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
+        renderPassInfo.pAttachments = &colorAttachment;
+        renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
+        renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
+
+        if(vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS){
+            throw std::runtime_error("Func: createRenderPass\nError: Failed to create render pass!\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void initWindow(){
+        glfwInit();
+        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API); // tell glfw to not use opengl
+        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE); // disable window resize
+        this->window = glfwCreateWindow(static_cast<int>(_width), static_cast<int>(_height), "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    void initVulkan(){
+        createInstance();
+        setupDebugMessenger();
+        createSurface();
+        pickPhysicalDevice();
+        createLogicalDevice();
+        createSwapChain();
+        createImageViews();
+        createRenderPass();
+        createGraphicsPipeline();
+    }
+
+    void mainLoop(){
+        while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(this->window)){
+            glfwSwapBuffers(window);
+            glfwPollEvents();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void cleanup(){
+        // Vulkan
+        vkDestroyPipeline(device, graphicsPipeline, nullptr);
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+        vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);
+
+        for(VkImageView imageView : swapChainImageViews){
+            vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr);
+        vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
+
+        if(enableValidationLayers){
+            DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
+        vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
+
+        vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
+
+        // GLFW
+        glfwDestroyWindow(this->window);
+        glfwTerminate();
+    }
+
+public:
+    void run(const uint32_t width = 800, const uint32_t height = 600){
+        this->_width = width;
+        this->_height = height;
+
+        initWindow();
+        initVulkan();
+        mainLoop();
+        cleanup();
+    }
+};
+
+int main(){
+    try{
+        TriangleApp app;
+        app.run();
+    }
+    catch(const std::exception& e){
+        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}

shaders/compile.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+glslc shader.vert -o vert.spv
+glslc shader.frag -o frag.spv

shaders/shader.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 fragColor;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+void main(){
+    outColor = vec4(fragColor, 1.0);
+}

shaders/shader.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec3 fragColor;
+
+vec2 positions[3] = vec2[](
+    vec2(0.0, -0.5),
+    vec2(0.5, 0.5),
+    vec2(-0.5, 0.5)
+);
+
+vec3 colors[3] = vec3[](
+    vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+    vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+    vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+);
+
+void main(){
+    gl_Position = vec4(positions[gl_VertexIndex], 0.0, 1.0);
+    fragColor = colors[gl_VertexIndex];
+}